Anna Dalton

Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, income, and opportunities among individuals or groups within a society. While some level of inequality is inevitable in any market economy, extreme disparities can undermine social cohesion, economic growth, and democratic stability.

Over the past few decades, global inequality has taken on new dimensions. While poverty has declined in many parts of the world, the gap between the ultra-rich and the rest of the population has widened dramatically. A small number of individuals now control a significant portion of global wealth — a trend accelerated by technology, financialization, and globalization.

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Cryptocurrencies are digital or virtual currencies that use cryptography for security and operate independently of central banks. Bitcoin, launched in 2009, was the first and remains the most well-known. Since then, thousands of cryptocurrencies have emerged, challenging traditional notions of money, banking, and financial regulation.

At their core, cryptocurrencies aim to decentralize finance. Unlike traditional currencies controlled by central banks, crypto is based on blockchain technology — a distributed ledger maintained by a network of computers. This allows for transparent, tamper-proof transactions without the need for intermediaries like banks.

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The gig economy is a labor market characterized by short-term, flexible jobs instead of permanent employment. Powered by digital platforms like Uber, Upwork, and DoorDash, it offers workers autonomy and employers efficiency. But behind the convenience lies a deeper economic question: Is the gig economy empowering workers, or making them more vulnerable?

Gig work is appealing for its flexibility. Workers can set their own schedules, choose their projects, and often work remotely. It suits students, retirees, freelancers, and those with caregiving responsibilities. For businesses, gig workers reduce costs — no need to pay for benefits, office space, or long-term contracts.

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Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and markets across the world. It’s driven by technological advances, trade liberalization, foreign investment, and the rise of multinational corporations. While globalization has boosted economic growth and lifted millions out of poverty, it also brings complex challenges — particularly for local economies.

On the positive side, globalization has allowed countries to specialize in what they produce best, increasing efficiency and lowering prices. Consumers benefit from a wider variety of goods, often at reduced costs. Businesses gain access to global markets, talent, and innovation. For developing countries, foreign investment brings jobs, infrastructure, and technology.

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Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises over time, leading to a decrease in purchasing power. While mild inflation is considered a normal part of a growing economy, high or unpredictable inflation can create serious challenges for consumers, businesses, and policymakers.

There are two main types of inflation: demand-pull and cost-push. Demand-pull inflation occurs when demand for goods and services exceeds supply, often during economic booms or periods of strong consumer confidence. Cost-push inflation arises when production costs (such as wages or raw materials) increase, forcing businesses to raise prices to maintain profit margins.

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