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Urban ecology also addresses social equity. Access to green spaces is often uneven, with marginalized communities lacking the same opportunities for recreation and clean air. Incorporating ecological design into city planning — known as green infrastructure — helps create healthier, more resilient, and more inclusive urban environments.
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Sustainable transportation, renewable energy, and efficient waste management further contribute to ecological health in cities. Smart city technologies can monitor pollution, optimize energy use, and guide urban planning with real-time data.
